01 - Preheat oven to 425°F. Line a rimmed baking sheet with parchment paper or aluminum foil for effortless cleanup.
02 - Arrange trimmed asparagus in a single layer on prepared baking sheet. Drizzle with olive oil, sprinkle evenly with salt and pepper, then toss gently to coat each spear.
03 - Roast in preheated oven for 12–15 minutes until asparagus is tender-crisp with lightly browned tips. Thicker spears may require an additional 2–3 minutes.
04 - Remove from oven. While vegetables are still hot, sprinkle Parmesan cheese evenly over asparagus and toss gently to melt and distribute.
05 - Grate lemon zest over the dish, then squeeze approximately 1 tbsp fresh juice. Toss lightly. Transfer to serving platter, garnish with parsley if using, and serve immediately.